Ruthenium on alumina powder
Ruthenium on alumina powder
CAS: 7440-18-8
Molecular Formula: Ru
Ruthenium on alumina powder - Names and Identifiers
| Name | Ruthenium on alumina powder |
| Synonyms | Ruthenium Rutheniumcarbon RutheniumpowderN Rutheniumoncarbon Ruthenium - black Ruthenium - powder RutheniumblackNpowder Rutheniumonaluminapowder Rutheniumoncarbonmeshgran Ruthenium-carbon catalyst Ruthenium, powder 20 Mesh Rutheniumonaluminaxpellets RutheniumpowderNmeshpowder Ruthenium on alumina powder RutheniumoncarbonAngstromspowder |
| CAS | 7440-18-8 |
| EINECS | 231-127-1 |
| InChI | InChI=1/C11H9ClN2/c12-8-9-2-4-10(5-3-9)11-13-6-1-7-14-11/h1-7H,8H2 |
Ruthenium on alumina powder - Physico-chemical Properties
| Molecular Formula | Ru |
| Molar Mass | 101.07 |
| Density | 12.45 g/cm3 (lit.) |
| Melting Point | 2310 °C (lit.) |
| Boling Point | 3900 °C (lit.) |
| Flash Point | 134.3°C |
| Water Solubility | insoluble |
| Vapor Presure | 0.0236mmHg at 25°C |
| Appearance | sponge |
| Specific Gravity | 12.3 |
| Color | Grayish-white |
| Exposure Limit | ACGIH: Ceiling 2 ppmOSHA: Ceiling 5 ppm(7 mg/m3)NIOSH: IDLH 50 ppm; Ceiling 5 ppm(7 mg/m3) |
| Merck | 14,8299 |
| Storage Condition | Inert atmosphere,2-8°C |
| Stability | Stable. Powder is highly flammable. |
| Sensitive | Lachrymatory |
| Refractive Index | 1.587 |
| MDL | MFCD00011207 |
| Use | Used as catalyst for scientific research |
Ruthenium on alumina powder - Risk and Safety
| Risk Codes | R20 - Harmful by inhalation R37 - Irritating to the respiratory system R11 - Highly Flammable R34 - Causes burns |
| Safety Description | S22 - Do not breathe dust. S36 - Wear suitable protective clothing. S38 - In case of insufficient ventilation, wear suitable respiratory equipment. S24/25 - Avoid contact with skin and eyes. S16 - Keep away from sources of ignition. S14 - Keep away from ... (a list of incompatible materials will follow). S45 - In case of accident or if you feel unwell, seek medical advice immediately (show the label whenever possible.) S36/37/39 - Wear suitable protective clothing, gloves and eye/face protection. S27 - Take off immediately all contaminated clothing. S26 - In case of contact with eyes, rinse immediately with plenty of water and seek medical advice. S23 - Do not breathe vapour. |
| UN IDs | UN 3178 4.1/PG 2 |
| WGK Germany | 3 |
| TSCA | Yes |
| HS Code | 3822 00 00 |
| Hazard Note | Corrosive/Lachrymatory |
| Hazard Class | 4.1 |
| Packing Group | III |
Ruthenium on alumina powder - Introduction
Stable in air and humid environment, insoluble in acid and aqua regia, soluble in molten strong alkali, carbonate and cyanide; When heated to 900°C, it can react with oxygen; When heated, it can react with fluorine, chlorine and bromine;
Last Update：2022-10-16 17:28:18
Ruthenium on alumina powder - Reference Information
| resistivity | 7.1 ++-cm, 0°C |
| NIST chemical information | information provided by: webbook.nist.gov (external link) |
| EPA chemical substance information | information provided by: ofmpeb.epa.gov (external link) |
| Introduction | ruthenium is a chemical element with Ru symbol and atomic number 44. It is combined with platinum and serves as a catalyst and certain platinum alloys. Chemically, it dissolves in molten alkali, but is not attacked by acid. Reaction with oxygen and halogen at high temperature. It also forms complexes with multiple oxidation states. Ruthenium also belongs to the Platinum Group and includes six elements with similar chemical properties. They are located in the middle of the second and third series of transition elements. The platinum group consists of ruthenium, rhodium, palladium, osmium, iridium and platinum. Ruthenium is a hard, brittle metal with a BP of 4150°C that is resistant to corrosion by all acids, but susceptible to corrosion by strong bases. When a small amount is alloyed with other metals, corrosion of the metals is prevented. |
| Discovery History | G.W. Osann, a new element ruthenium was discovered in 1828. He found insoluble residues in natural aqua regia platinum extract in the fluvial formations of the Urals mountains in Russia. He was named rutheren after Ruthenia, a Russian Latin. However, the discovery of this element is attributed to Claus, who discovered in 1844 that the ruthenium oxide of Osana was very impure and that pure ruthenium metal was isolated from crude platinum residues that were insoluble in aqua regia. |
| Source | ruthenium is a transition element belonging to the VIII (iron) group of periodic classification, belonging to the light platinum metal triad. It is a hard and brittle metal, similar to platinum. It is crystallized in hexagonal form and appears in the form of seven stable isotopes: 96(5.46%),98(1.87%),99(12.63%),100(12.53%),101(17.02%),102(31.6%) and 104(18.87%). There are also several radioactive isotopes, respectively 93, 94, 95, 97, 103, 105, 106, 107 and 108, of which 106 isotopes are characterized by strong beta radiation, half-Life was 368 days. Since it is produced in large quantities in a nuclear reactor, it is worth special attention. Ruthenium is the rarest of the platinum group elements (abundance in the Earth's crust is about 0.0004 ppm). Ruthenium is a member of the platinum group, native to the Urals and other members of the ore family of North and South America. Platinum and other platinum species have also been found in small amounts, but not in large quantities, in the nickel ore deposits in salidbury, Ontario, and in the diabase deposits in South Africa. The metal is commercially separated by a complex chemical process, the final stage of which is the hydrogen reduction of ruthenium ammonium chloride to produce a powder. The powder is consolidated by powder metallurgy techniques or argon arc welding. |
| Application | since ruthenium is rare and is difficult to separate in pure form, it has little use. Its main use is as an alloy for the production of non-corrosive steel, as well as as as an additive to jewelry metals such as platinum, palladium and gold, making it more durable. It has also been used as an alloy to make electrical contacts of medical devices harder and wear longer, and more recently as an experimental metal to convert solar cell materials directly into electrical energy. Ruthenium acts as a catalyst that affects the rate of chemical reactions, but is not altered by chemical processes. It is also used as a drug for the treatment of eye diseases. Used as an alternative to platinum in jewelry; Used in pen tips; As a hardener in electrical contact alloys, electrical wires; Catalyst in the synthesis of long-chain hydrocarbons in ceramic colors. |
| preparation | ruthenium is derived from a platinum metal ore. The method of production depends on the type of ore. However, the extraction process is similar to other noble metals (see platinum, rhodium and iridium). Like rhodium, ruthenium can be obtained from the accumulated anode sludge during electrolytic refining of nickel or copper from certain types of ores. The element ruthenium is present in natural alloys of iridium and (Iridium, sulphites), and also in small quantities commercially recoverable in sulfides and other ores (pentalite, laurite, etc.). by treatment with aqua regia (separation of insoluble, rhodium, ruthenium and iridium), fusion with sodium bisulfate (reaction with rhodium) and fusion with sodium peroxide (Dissolution with sodium silicate) to separate the elements from other platinum metals. And ruthenium). The resulting ruthenium acid and osmotic acid solutions were treated with ethanol to precipitate ruthenium dioxide. Ruthenium dioxide was purified by treatment with hydrochloric acid and chlorine and reduced to pure metal with hydrogen. Recovery of ruthenium from waste generated during processing of platinum and nickel ores from depleted catalytic converters or in a similar manner. |
| hazard | The main hazard is the explosiveness of ruthenium fine powder or dust. When a metal is exposed to an oxidant-type chemical species (such as potassium chloride) at room temperature, the metal oxidizes rapidly (explosion). Most of its few compounds are toxic and smoke should be avoided. |
| Overview | ruthenium is a hard, brittle, light gray, multivalent, rare metal element, is a member of the platinum group metals. In the Earth's crust content is only one part per billion, is one of the rarest metals, but ruthenium is indeed the least expensive of the platinum group metals, although platinum, palladium and other metals are more abundant than ruthenium. The nature of ruthenium is very stable, corrosion resistance is very strong, at room temperature that can resist hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid, nitric acid and aqua regia corrosion. figure: ruthenium |
| Basic information | Chinese name: Ruthenium element symbol: Ru Atomic Weight: 101.07 element type: metal element Atomic Number: 44 density: 12.2g/cm ^ 3 atomic volume (cm3/mol) :8.3 Melting Point: 2523K Boiling Point: 4423K discovery year: 1844 discovery year: Claus cycle: 5 family number: VIIIB electronic layer arrangement: 2-8-18-15-1 nuclear power charge: 44 electronic layer: K-L-M-N-O peripheral electronic layer arrangement: 4d7 5s1 sound propagation rate (m/S):5970 crystal structure: hexagonal unit cell. common valence: 2, 3, 4, 8 crust content (ppm):0.001 element content in the sun:(ppm):0.005 oxidation state: primary: Ru 3 secondary: Ru-2, Ru0, Ru 1, Ru 2, Ru 4, Ru 5, Ru 6, Ru 7, ru 8 |
| Application Type | Rhodium-ruthenium alloy: A Rhodium-based ruthenium-containing binary alloy. The maximum solubility of ruthenium in rhodium is> 20% and the as-cast Vickers hardness of RhRu10 alloy is 1344. Rhodium ruthenium alloy with high-frequency induction furnace argon protection smelting, ingot by hot rolling and a small amount of cold processing into timber, often used as catalyst. ruthenium series resistance paste: The most widely used resistance paste composed of glass Binder, organic carrier and the like, it has the advantages of wide resistance range, low resistance temperature coefficient, good resistance reproducibility and good environmental stability, and is used to make high-performance resistance and high-reliability precision resistance network. ultra-fine Hydrous Ruthenium dioxide powder: a black or blue-black ultra-fine powder for producing a thick-film resistance slurry or a catalyst, wherein the mass fraction of ruthenium is 60%-71%. The powder has an average particle size of <1.0 μm, an apparent packing density of 0.5-0.9g/cm, and a tap density of 1.0-1.4g/cm-3. ruthenium-based thick-film resistor paste: a paste for printing or coating, which is composed of ruthenium dioxide powder, ruthenium salt, inorganic additive and organic carrier, resistive networks. The sintering conditions of the ruthenium resistance slurry are as follows: the peak temperature is 840~860 ℃, the peak temperature holding time is 8~10min, and the sintering period is 30~60min. figure: ruthenium-plated needle strap |
| ruthenium catalyst application | ruthenium is an excellent catalyst for hydrogenation, isomerization, oxidation and reforming reactions. Due to the 4d75s1 electronic structure of ruthenium, it has the most oxidation state among all the elements in the periodic table, and each electronic structure has a variety of geometric structures, this provides a good basis for the synthesis of various ruthenium complexes. Ruthenium complexes are very rich in ligands, can be roughly divided into five categories: oxygen, carbonyl, Tertiary phosphine, cyclopentadienyl, aromatic hydrocarbons and Dienes. Various ligands form abundant ruthenium complexes with ruthenium with various oxidation states. They have many excellent characteristics: high electron transfer ability, high Lewis acidity, and low redox potential. In addition, ruthenium catalysts are not only excellent in catalytic performance, but also inexpensive relative to other noble metals. Ruthenium catalysts have important applications in hydrogenation, oxidation, isomerization and olefin metathesis reactions. ruthenium catalysts have been widely used in various reactions of organic synthesis, not only in general hydrogenation and oxidation reactions, but also in specific asymmetric hydrogenation, selective hydrogenation, epoxidation, isomerization, olefin metathesis reaction plays an important role. In the synthesis reaction, it has the characteristics of chemical selectivity, enantioselectivity, high activity, high conversion rate and mild reaction conditions. The results of the laboratory are gradually transferred to the industry, in the fine chemical industry, the pharmaceutical industry has many successful examples. It plays an irreplaceable role in the synthesis of some pharmaceutical intermediates, natural products and optically active substances. ruthenium catalyst will have great development potential in the following aspects:(1) the ligand plays a key role in the performance of the catalyst, improve the catalytic performance, expand the scope of application; On the other hand, continue to explore the design and synthesis of new ligands, fundamentally solve the shortage of existing ligands. (2) the disadvantage of homogeneous catalyst is that it is difficult to recover, and it is a good solution to develop water-soluble ligands and to use polymer supported multiphase. (3) with the in-depth study of Ruthenium Olefin metathesis catalyst, the application scope is gradually expanded, and it has great prospects in the synthesis of complex drug macromolecules, natural products and polymer materials. (4) because of the low price of ruthenium catalyst, it is very promising in industrial application. Asymmetric hydrogenation has been industrialized applications, olefin metathesis reaction also embodies the concept of environmental protection and energy saving, which will promote its industrial application. |
| references | [1]http://baike.baidu.com/link? url = ↑ [2] Song Wu, Xiaodong Xiong, Shengguo Wang, et al. Application of ruthenium catalysts in organic synthesis [J]. Rare Metals, 2007, 31(2):237-244. |
| Use | use as a catalyst for scientific research ruthenium has a strong tendency to form coordination compounds and has good catalytic properties. Ruthenium is an effective hardener for platinum and palladium; The corrosion resistance can be greatly improved by adding 0.1% ruthenium to metallic titanium; Ruthenium-molybdenum alloy is a superconductor; Ruthenium-containing catalysts are mostly used in petrochemical industry. |
Last Update：2024-04-09 21:32:08
Supplier List
Product Name: Ruthenium Visit Supplier Webpage Request for quotation
CAS: 7440-18-8
Tel: 18301782025
Email: 3008007409@qq.com
Mobile: 18021002903
QQ: 3008007409
Wechat: 18301782025
CAS: 7440-18-8
Tel: 18301782025
Email: 3008007409@qq.com
Mobile: 18021002903
QQ: 3008007409
Wechat: 18301782025
Product Name: Ruthenium Visit Supplier Webpage Request for quotation
CAS: 7440-18-8
Tel: 18301782025
Email: 3008007409@qq.com
Mobile: 18021002903
QQ: 3008007409
Wechat: 18301782025
CAS: 7440-18-8
Tel: 18301782025
Email: 3008007409@qq.com
Mobile: 18021002903
QQ: 3008007409
Wechat: 18301782025
View History